The Dangers of Heat and Humidity

The following article was taken from USA Today's Web site, which sourced The USA Today Weather Book by Jack Williams

In addition to knowing the temperature on a hot summer day, it's important to know the humidity, and the effect the combination of both heat and humidity will have on your play.

Below is an article which will help you better understand just how safe or unsafe the conditions are for a tennis match, based on both the temperature and humidity.

When heat and humidity combine to reduce the amount of evaporation of sweat from the body, outdoor exercise becomes dangerous even for those in good shape. Key rules for coping with heat are to drink plenty of water to avoid dehydration and to slow down and cool off when feeling fatigued, a headache, a high pulse rate or shallow breathing. Overheating can cause serious, even life-threatening conditions such as heat stroke. The apparent temperature, which combines the temperature and relative humidity, is a guide to the danger. Below is the heat stress index based on the apparent temperature.

Apparent temperature heat stress index

Category Apparent Temperature Dangers Dangers
Extreme danger Greater than 130 Heat stroke imminent.
Danger 105 - 130 Heat exhaustion likely.
Extreme Caution 90 - 105 Heat cramps, exhaustion possible.
Caution 80 - 90 Exercise more fatiguing than usual.


Effects of heat illnesses...

Heat cramps -- Exercising in hot weather can lead to muscle cramps, especially in the legs, because of brief imbalances in body salts. Cramps become less frequent as a person becomes used to the heat.

Heat syncope or fainting -- Anyone not used to exercising in the heat can experience a quick drop in blood pressure that can lead to fainting. As with heat cramps, the cure is to take it easy.

Heat exhaustion -- Losing fluid and salt through perspiration or replacing them in an imbalanced way can lead to dizziness and weakness. Body temperature might rise, but not above 102 degrees. In some cases victims, especially the elderly, should be hospitalized. Heat exhaustion is more likely after a few days of a heat wave than when one is just beginning. The best defense is to take it easy and drink plenty of water. Don't take salt tablets without consulting a physician.

Heatstroke -- In some cases extreme heat can upset the body's thermostat, causing body temperature to rise to 105 degrees or higher. Symptoms are lethargy, confusion and unconsciousness. Even a suspicion that someone might be suffering from heatstroke requires immediate medical aid. Heatstroke can kill.